User Experience (UX) research methods, techniques and approaches used to understand users, their needs, behaviors, and preferences in order to design better user experiences. Here are some commonly used UX research methods:

User Interviews: Conducting one-on-one interviews with users to gather qualitative data about their experiences, behaviors, and attitudes. It helps uncover user needs, motivations, and pain points.

Surveys and Questionnaires: Administering structured surveys or questionnaires to collect quantitative data from a large number of users. It provides insights into user demographics, preferences, and satisfaction levels.

Usability Testing: Observing users as they interact with a product or prototype, and collecting data on their actions, feedback, and difficulties. It helps identify usability issues and areas of improvement.

Card Sorting: Asking users to organize and categorize information into groups or categories. It helps in designing information architecture and navigation structures.

Focus Groups: Conducting group discussions with a small number of users to explore their thoughts, opinions, and experiences. It allows for group dynamics and interactions to uncover valuable insights.

Contextual Inquiry: Observing users in their natural environment while they perform tasks related to the product or service. It provides a deeper understanding of users' workflows, needs, and pain points.

Diary Studies: Asking users to record their experiences, thoughts, and interactions over a specific period of time. It helps capture longitudinal data and understand user behaviors over time.

A/B Testing: Comparing two or more variations of a design to determine which performs better. It helps optimize design decisions by analyzing user behavior and preferences.

Heuristic Evaluation: Expert evaluators assess a product's user interface against a set of usability principles or guidelines. It helps identify usability issues based on recognized usability principles.

Eye Tracking: Using specialized equipment to track and record where users are looking on a screen or interface. It provides insights into visual attention and helps optimize design elements.

Clickstream Analysis: Analyzing user behavior data collected from website or application usage, such as page visits, clicks, and time spent. It helps understand user flows, patterns, and areas for improvement.

Persona Development: Creating fictional characters that represent user groups based on research data. It helps designers empathize with users and make design decisions aligned with their needs.

These are just a few examples of UX research methods. The selection of methods depends on the research goals, available resources, and the stage of the design process. Often, a combination of methods is used to gain comprehensive insights and inform user-centered design decisions.